Biocontrol of Avian Gastrointestinal Parasites Using Predatory Fungi: Current Status, Challenges, and Opportunities

This review describes the current research status regarding implementation of predatory fungi in biological control approach bird gastrointestinal (GI) parasitosis. The main GI parasites Galliformes (e.g., broilers, layers, peacocks, pheasants) and Ratites ostriches, emus, rheas) are addressed, as well their impact on farms, zoos, private collections. characteristics biocontrol with briefly described, such mode action efficacy against different animal hosts. state art use birds is reviewed here by describing all associated articles already published databases, techniques, findings. Ovicidal Pochonia chlamydosporia, Metarhizium spp. Acremonium spp., larvicidal fungi, namely Duddingtonia flagrans, Arthrobotrys Monacrosporium thaumasium, have shown promising predacious activity ascarid eggs nematode larvae from chickens both vitro vivo, also revealing tolerance to passage maintenance capacity. Further studies needed understand fungi–parasite–host gut microbiota interactions target other avian parasitic species, nematodes, coccidia, cestodes, trematodes.